The newly announced US–EU trade agreement has sparked criticism across Europe, with French Prime Minister François Bayrou calling it a “dark day” for the European Union. The deal imposes a 15% tariff on nearly all EU exports to the United States, more than triple the current average of 4.8%, and falls far short of the EU’s original offer of zero tariffs on both sides.
While the agreement averts a threatened 30% tariff escalation by the US, it leaves European exporters burdened by high duties, particularly in key sectors such as automotive, steel, and pharmaceuticals. The automotive industry, especially in Germany, faces mounting pressure as the 15% tariff hits during a critical phase of industrial transformation.
Reactions within the EU have been mixed. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz welcomed the deal as a step toward avoiding a trade war, but industrial groups and economists voiced concerns about its asymmetry. Business leaders warned the elevated tariffs would have “considerable negative repercussions” on growth and competitiveness.
The European Commission acknowledged the deal’s shortcomings but described it as the best compromise under current geopolitical and economic conditions. The bloc had previously considered retaliatory measures but shifted its strategy after the NATO summit in June, opting instead for a quicker resolution tied to defense cooperation assurances from the US.
Economists argue the agreement heavily favors the United States, with higher tariffs on EU goods and limited concessions in return. While the deal brings temporary stability, analysts suggest it leaves the EU economically disadvantaged and strategically constrained in future trade negotiations.